What’s the best way to learn about a company?

Using Chamath Palihapitiya as an example, the man IMO is a genius at investing in companies that are better for the future. What does one look for in a company aside from reading their balance sheets? What does Warren Buffet look for aside reading about the CEO’s nature? Does one look at current events that are going on in the world and base speculations off that?

I’m more asking from a philosophical side I think. i love researching about many topics but would like to narrow that down. There has to be a “look at what’s happening in the world -> look what companies solves an issue -> look at their balance sheet -> read up / watch youtube videos” type answer. That’s probably vague but what’s the formula? lol