What led to the massive collapse of the Japanese stock market in the 90s and why did it take Japan so long to recover (3 decades) ?

Hello,

I recently found out that Japan suffered a stock market crash in the 90s and is still recovering from it. That's over 3 decades of basically no returns if you invested your money at the peak.

What lead to the crash and, more importantly, why did it take them 3 decades to recover ?

America has also had terrible periods of 10 or so years with 0 returns but nothing even remotely close to 3 decades.